{"id":24863,"date":"2021-04-23T08:00:08","date_gmt":"2021-04-23T08:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gajostest.a2hosted.com\/choroba-z-povolania-starost-pre-zamestnavatelov-aj-zamestnancov\/"},"modified":"2023-03-08T07:06:55","modified_gmt":"2023-03-08T07:06:55","slug":"choroba-z-povolania-starost-pre-zamestnavatelov-aj-zamestnancov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gajos.sk\/eshop\/choroba-z-povolania-starost-pre-zamestnavatelov-aj-zamestnancov\/","title":{"rendered":"Choroba z povolania: Staros\u0165 pre zamestn\u00e1vate\u013eov aj zamestnancov"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ka\u017ed\u00e9 zamestnanie so sebou prin\u00e1\u0161a r\u00f4zne zdravotn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1, ich v\u00fdsledkom je pribli\u017ene 300 a\u017e 400 evidovan\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov chor\u00f4b z povolania ro\u010dne. Ako sa s nimi mus\u00ed vysporiada\u0165 zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e a \u010do znamenaj\u00fa pre zamestnanca?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010co je to choroba z povolania?<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fdmto pojmom ozna\u010dujeme <strong>chorobu uznan\u00fa \u0161pecializovan\u00fdm pracoviskom a zaraden\u00fa do zoznamu chor\u00f4b z povolania, ak vznikla pri vykon\u00e1van\u00ed pr\u00e1ce<\/strong> (z\u00e1kon \u010d. 461\/2003 Z.z. o soci\u00e1lnom poisten\u00ed). Uznanou sa teda choroba z povolania m\u00f4\u017ee sta\u0165 len vtedy, ak sa dok\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee naozaj vznikla pri vykon\u00e1van\u00ed pracovnej \u010dinnosti a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa nach\u00e1dza v zozname chor\u00f4b z povolania.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pod <strong>vykon\u00e1van\u00edm pracovnej \u010dinnosti (alebo slu\u017eobn\u00fdch \u00faloh)<\/strong> rozumieme:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>v\u00fdkon pracovn\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed vypl\u00fdvaj\u00facich z pracovn\u00e9ho pomeru alebo slu\u017eobn\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed vypl\u00fdvaj\u00facich zo slu\u017eobn\u00e9ho pomeru,<\/li>\r\n<li>\u010dinnos\u0165 vykon\u00e1van\u00e1 na pr\u00edkaz zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea,<\/li>\r\n<li>\u010dinnos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 je predmetom pracovnej cesty alebo slu\u017eobnej cesty.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ak s\u00fa u zamestnanca pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 a vidite\u013en\u00e9 niektor\u00e9 klinick\u00e9 alebo laborat\u00f3rne znaky choroby z povolania, ale e\u0161te nesp\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 na stanovenie diagn\u00f3zy choroby z povolania, hovor\u00edme o tzv. <strong>ohrozen\u00ed chorobou z povolania.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa vyskytuj\u00face choroby z povolania?\u00a0<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pod\u013ea <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nczisk.sk\/Aktuality\/Pages\/Choroby-z-povolania-alebo-ohrozenia-chorobou-z-povolania-v-SR-2019.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0161tatist\u00edk<\/a> N\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho centra zdravotn\u00edckych inform\u00e1ci\u00ed (NCZI) pribudlo v roku 2019 na Slovensku<strong> 347 novozisten\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov chor\u00f4b z povolania<\/strong> (188 mu\u017eov a 159 \u017eien) a <strong>8 pr\u00edpadov<\/strong> nahl\u00e1sen\u00fdch <strong>ohrozen\u00ed chorobou z povolania.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie hl\u00e1sen\u00fdmi chorobami z povolania<\/strong> v minulom roku boli:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>choroba kon\u010dat\u00edn z dlhodob\u00e9ho, nadmern\u00e9ho, jednostrann\u00e9ho za\u0165a\u017eenia (181 pr\u00edpadov),<\/li>\r\n<li>ochorenie kost\u00ed, k\u013abov, svalov, ciev a nervov kon\u010dat\u00edn sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 pri pr\u00e1ci s vibruj\u00facimi n\u00e1strojmi (62 pr\u00edpadov),<\/li>\r\n<li>infek\u010dn\u00e9 a parazit\u00e1rne ochorenie (42 pr\u00edpadov),<\/li>\r\n<li>porucha sluchu z hluku (17 pr\u00edpadov),<\/li>\r\n<li>ko\u017en\u00e9 choroby (12 pr\u00edpadov).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">110 chor\u00f4b z povolania bolo v roku 2019 priznan\u00fdch <strong>kvalifikovan\u00fdm pracovn\u00edkom a remeseln\u00edkom<\/strong>, najm\u00e4 zamestnancom hutn\u00edckeho a stroj\u00e1rskeho priemyslu.<strong> Operat\u00e9ri a mont\u00e9ri<\/strong> strojov a zariaden\u00ed (96 pr\u00edpadov) a <strong>pomocn\u00ed a nekvalifikovan\u00ed pracovn\u00edci<\/strong> v \u0165a\u017ebe, stavebn\u00edctve, v\u00fdrobe a doprave (76 pr\u00edpadov) skon\u010dili za nimi.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choroba z povolania: povinnosti zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Za \u0161kodu sp\u00f4soben\u00fa zamestnancovi chorobou z povolania zodpoved\u00e1 zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e<\/strong>, u ktor\u00e9ho dan\u00fd zamestnanec pracoval naposledy pred jej zisten\u00edm v riadnom pracovnom pomere a za podmienok, z ktor\u00fdch vznikla t\u00e1to choroba z povolania. (\u00a7 195 Z\u00e1konn\u00edka pr\u00e1ce)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e <strong>zodpoved\u00e1 za sp\u00f4soben\u00fa \u0161kodu<\/strong> aj vtedy, ke\u010f dodr\u017eal povinnosti vypl\u00fdvaj\u00face z osobitn\u00fdch predpisov a ostatn\u00fdch predpisov na zaistenie bezpe\u010dnosti a ochrany zdravia pri pr\u00e1ci, ak sa zodpovednosti nezbav\u00ed pod\u013ea<strong> \u00a7 196 Z\u00e1konn\u00edka pr\u00e1ce.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V pr\u00edpade uznania choroby z povolania zamestnancovi mu pod\u013ea toho, ak\u00e9 podmienky sp\u013a\u0148a, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 priznan\u00e9 ako <strong>n\u00e1hrada \u0161kody<\/strong> (od\u0161kodnenie) tieto d\u00e1vky:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>n\u00e1hrada za boles\u0165,<\/li>\r\n<li>n\u00e1hrada za s\u0165a\u017eenie spolo\u010densk\u00e9ho uplatnenia,<\/li>\r\n<li>jednorazov\u00e9 vyrovnanie,<\/li>\r\n<li>\u00farazov\u00e1 renta,<\/li>\r\n<li>n\u00e1hrada spojen\u00e1 s lie\u010den\u00edm.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e je povinn\u00fd zamestnanca, ktor\u00e9mu bola priznan\u00e1 choroba z povolania, <strong>presun\u00fa\u0165 na in\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 miesto s oh\u013eadom na jeho aktu\u00e1lny zdravotn\u00fd stav.<\/strong> Ak pre zamestnanca tak\u00e9to miesto nem\u00e1, m\u00f4\u017ee mu da\u0165 v\u00fdpove\u010f alebo sa dohodn\u00fa\u0165 na skon\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00e9ho pomeru. V takom pr\u00edpade v\u0161ak mus\u00ed zamestnancovi <strong>vyplati\u0165 odstupn\u00e9<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9ho v\u00fd\u0161ka mus\u00ed by\u0165 pod\u013ea Z\u00e1konn\u00edka pr\u00e1ce najmenej <strong>desa\u0165n\u00e1sobkom <\/strong>priemern\u00e9ho mesa\u010dn\u00e9ho platu zamestnanca.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ako najlep\u0161ie ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 zamestnancov?<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ochranou zdravia zamestnancov sa zaoberaj\u00fa nielen <strong>kontroln\u00e9 org\u00e1ny<\/strong> (\u00farady verejn\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edctva, in\u0161pektor\u00e1t pr\u00e1ce), ale aj <strong>zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e samotn\u00fd.<\/strong> Pr\u00e1ve ten by mal zabezpe\u010di\u0165:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>vytvorenie bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho pracovn\u00e9ho prostredia,\u00a0<\/li>\r\n<li>dostupnos\u0165 kvalitn\u00fdch osobn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch prostriedkov,<\/li>\r\n<li>vykon\u00e1vanie zdravotn\u00e9ho doh\u013eadu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gajos.sk\/pracovna-zdravotna-sluzba\">pracovnou zdravotnou slu\u017ebou<\/a>,<\/li>\r\n<li>kvalitn\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gajos.sk\/bezpecnost-prace-bozp\">BOZP \u0161kolenia<\/a>,<\/li>\r\n<li>v\u00fdkon lek\u00e1rskych prevent\u00edvnych prehliadok vo vz\u0165ahu k pr\u00e1ci, a to v pravideln\u00fdch intervaloch.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zdrav\u00fd a spokojn\u00fd zamestnanec je <strong>najcennej\u0161\u00ed kapit\u00e1l <\/strong>ka\u017edej firmy, preto by ochrana jeho zdravia mala by\u0165 prvorad\u00e1. Navy\u0161e, zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e zabezpe\u010den\u00edm v\u0161etk\u00fdch dostupn\u00fdch prostriedkov <strong>ochr\u00e1ni nielen zamestnanca, ale aj seba.<\/strong> U\u0161etr\u00ed n\u00e1klady a v o\u010diach klientov a potenci\u00e1lnych nov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edkov bude p\u00f4sobi\u0165 d\u00f4veryhodne.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choroba z povolania: povinnosti zamestnanca<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aj zamestnanci maj\u00fa v tomto pr\u00edpade <strong>svoje povinnosti.<\/strong> T\u00fdmi hlavn\u00fdmi s\u00fa:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>povinnos\u0165 podrobi\u0165 sa lek\u00e1rskej prevent\u00edvnej prehliadke vo vz\u0165ahu k pr\u00e1ci,\u00a0<\/li>\r\n<li>povinnos\u0165 z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148ova\u0165 sa na rekondi\u010dn\u00fdch pobytoch,\u00a0<\/li>\r\n<li>povinnos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ur\u010den\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom pridelen\u00e9 osobn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 prostriedky,<\/li>\r\n<li>povinnos\u0165 dodr\u017eiava\u0165 z\u00e1sady bezpe\u010dnej pr\u00e1ce.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Spr\u00e1vanie samotn\u00fdch zamestnancov<\/strong> je jedn\u00fdm z predpokladov \u00faspe\u0161nej prevencie pred privoden\u00edm si choroby z povolania. Vo ve\u013ekej miere takisto ovplyv\u0148uje to, ako bud\u00fa rizik\u00e1 v pr\u00e1ci p\u00f4sobi\u0165 na ich zdravie. Tu sa ber\u00fa do \u00favahy dve veci: <strong>spr\u00e1vanie v pr\u00e1ci<\/strong> a <strong>spr\u00e1vanie mimo pr\u00e1ce.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nespr\u00e1vne dr\u017eanie tela pri pr\u00e1ci, zanedb\u00e1vanie pou\u017e\u00edvania OOPP, pre\u0165a\u017eovanie r\u00fak a syndr\u00f3m karp\u00e1lneho tunela, to je len nieko\u013eko hrozieb, ktor\u00fdm m\u00f4\u017eu zamestnanci svoj\u00edm pr\u00edstupom zabr\u00e1ni\u0165. Celkov\u00e1 pracovn\u00e1 kond\u00edcia z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed aj od toho, ako si <strong>zamestnanec chr\u00e1ni svoj zdravotn\u00fd stav mimo pr\u00e1ce. <\/strong>\u0160port, dostatok relaxu, vyh\u00fdbanie sa stresu a obmedzenie faj\u010denia s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre regener\u00e1ciu a pozit\u00edvnu myse\u013e \u010dloveka.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e1te <strong>sedav\u00e9 zamestnanie?<\/strong> Pri pr\u00e1ci za po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 s\u00fastredi\u0165 sa na vystret\u00fd chrb\u00e1t (nehrbi\u0165 sa), neprekri\u017eova\u0165 nohy a vybra\u0165 si <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ajprodukty.sk\/blog\/ako-vybrat-kancelarsku-stolicku-navod\/28808430.wf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>vhodn\u00fa kancel\u00e1rsku stoli\u010dku<\/strong><\/a><strong>,<\/strong> na ktorej sedenie nebude utrpen\u00edm. Nastavte si v\u00fd\u0161ku stoli\u010dky ide\u00e1lne tak, aby ste mali v lakti polo\u017eenom na stole prav\u00fd uhol.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Covid-19 ako choroba z povolania<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V novembri 2020 N\u00e1rodn\u00e1 rada Slovenskej republiky prijala novelu z\u00e1kona o soci\u00e1lnom poisten\u00ed (v poslednom III. \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed) oh\u013eadom \u00farazov\u00e9ho pr\u00edplatku pri <strong>chorobe z povolania v d\u00f4sledku ochorenia COVID-19.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zaviedlo sa pravidlo na <strong>zr\u00fdchlen\u00e9 uznanie n\u00e1roku na \u00farazov\u00fd pr\u00edplatok<\/strong>, ak bud\u00fa splnen\u00e9 tieto 4 predpoklady:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>zamestnanec bude pr\u00e1ceneschopn\u00fd z d\u00f4vodu ochorenia COVID-19 po\u010das kr\u00edzovej situ\u00e1cie (v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti t\u00e1to situ\u00e1cia je),<\/li>\r\n<li>toto ochorenie zamestnancovi vzniklo pri pr\u00e1ci, kde je preuk\u00e1zate\u013en\u00fd kontakt s COVID-19 alebo s infek\u010dn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom,<\/li>\r\n<li>ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 plnenia pracovn\u00fdch \u00faloh alebo pracovn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed,<\/li>\r\n<li>zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e potvrd\u00ed, \u017ee k ochoreniu do\u0161lo pri pr\u00e1ci.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Z\u00e1kon sa <strong>t\u00fdka v\u0161etk\u00fdch zamestn\u00e1vate\u013eov<\/strong>, neobmedzuje sa len na zdravotn\u00edctvo, hoci spolu s laborat\u00f3riami, soci\u00e1lnymi zariadeniami a podobne bude najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161\u00ed najm\u00e4 v t\u00fdchto oblastiach.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Od\u00f4vodnenie novely z\u00e1kona po\u010d\u00edta s ak\u00fdmko\u013evek zamestn\u00e1vate\u013eom, kde sa naplnia vy\u0161\u0161ie spomenut\u00e9 predpoklady. Ak napr\u00edklad zamestnanci vo v\u00fdrobnej hale pracuj\u00fa ved\u013ea seba na jednej linke alebo sedia spolu v <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gajos.sk\/c\/open-space-kancelaria-po-koronaviruse-co-sa-zmenilo-a-ako-sa-chranit\">open space kancel\u00e1ri\u00e1ch<\/a>, <strong>m\u00f4\u017eu sa v\u00edrusom nakazi\u0165.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prevencia je prv\u00fd krok<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Choroby z povolania dok\u00e1\u017eu narobi\u0165 vr\u00e1sky na tv\u00e1rach zamestn\u00e1vate\u013eov a zanecha\u0165 <strong>dlhodob\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky<\/strong> na \u017eivote zamestnancov. Spr\u00e1vnou prevenciou a vytvoren\u00edm vhodn\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch podmienok im m\u00f4\u017eete zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 aj vy. Pri <strong>uplat\u0148ovan\u00ed a navrhovan\u00ed vhodn\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong> v\u00e1m kedyko\u013evek radi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gajos.sk\/\">pom\u00f4\u017eeme<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e1te po \u00faraze alebo trp\u00edte chorobou v d\u00f4sledku pr\u00e1ce? Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si, ako postupova\u0165, ke\u010f nem\u00f4\u017eete \u010falej pracova\u0165.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok na Slovensku evidujeme 300 \u2013 400 pr\u00edpadov chor\u00f4b z povolania. Pozn\u00e1te povinnosti zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea a zamestnancov? Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si viac.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":162876,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24863","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gajos.sk\/eshop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24863","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gajos.sk\/eshop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gajos.sk\/eshop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gajos.sk\/eshop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gajos.sk\/eshop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24863"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gajos.sk\/eshop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24863\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gajos.sk\/eshop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/162876"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gajos.sk\/eshop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24863"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gajos.sk\/eshop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24863"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gajos.sk\/eshop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}